Falconry License: Legal Requirements, History, and Facts Every Hunter Should Know.

Falconry — the ancient art of hunting with trained birds of prey — is one of the most regulated forms of hunting in the world. Whether you’re an aspiring falconer or a seasoned hunter curious about the legal framework, understanding falconry licensing is essential. This article breaks down the legal requirements, historical context, and key facts about falconry licenses across major regions, with verified data and no fluff. --- What Is a Falconry License? A falconry license is a legal permit that allows individuals to possess, train, and hunt with raptors such as falcons, hawks, and eagles. It’s not just a formality — it’s a comprehensive certification process designed to ensure the welfare of the birds, the safety of the public, and the sustainability of wildlife populations. --- Legal Requirements by Region United States In the U.S., falconry is governed jointly by state wildlife agencies and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act. To legally practice falconry, you must: • Be at least 12 years old (Apprentice level) • Pass a written exam with at least 80% accuracy • Build and maintain approved housing facilities (subject to inspection) • Find a sponsor (General or Master Falconer) for a two-year apprenticeship • Submit detailed records of bird acquisition, care, and hunting • Comply with hunting seasons and bag limits There are three license classes: • Apprentice: One bird, limited species • General: Up to three raptors, broader species access • Master: Up to five wild raptors, unlimited captive-bred birds, and with a special permit, up to three eagles United Kingdom Falconry is legal in the UK but only with captive-bred birds. Practitioners must: • Register birds with DEFRA • Use government-approved rings • Comply with the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 • Apply for separate licenses to trap or kill quarry species Canada Each province has its own regulations. For example: • Ontario requires a falconry license and a hunting license • Alberta allows wild take under strict quotas • British Columbia mandates facility inspections and annual reporting Middle East Countries like the UAE and Saudi Arabia treat falconry as cultural heritage. Licenses are issued through national wildlife authorities, and falconers often use captive-bred Saker falcons and peregrines. The UAE even has a falcon hospital and passport system for international travel with birds. --- Historical Background Falconry dates back over 3,000 years. It was practiced in: • Mongolia: Used by the Great Khans during military campaigns • China: Integrated into imperial court life and diplomacy • Japan: Symbolized military power; falconers rode horseback with bows • Europe: Popular among nobility during the Middle Ages; King Frederick II wrote the first scientific treatise on falconry in the 13th century In modern times, falconry was recognized by UNESCO in 2010 as Intangible Cultural Heritage, with over 90 countries participating in the nomination. --- Key Facts and Statistics • In the U.S., there are approximately 4,000 licensed falconers • The UK has around 5,000 active falconers and 25,000 bird keepers • The average cost of a falconry license ranges from $40 to $200 depending on the region • The apprenticeship period lasts a minimum of two years • Raptors used in falconry include peregrine falcons, Harris’s hawks, red-tailed hawks, and gyrfalcons • Captive-bred birds now account for over 90% of falconry birds worldwide --- Why Is Licensing Necessary? Licensing ensures: • Ethical treatment of birds • Prevention of illegal wildlife trade • Proper training and safety standards • Conservation of native raptor populations • Accountability through recordkeeping and inspections Without a license, possession or hunting with raptors is illegal and can result in heavy fines or criminal charges. --- How to Get a Falconry License (Step-by-Step) 1. Contact Wildlife Authorities: Get local regulations and application forms 2. Study Materials: Learn raptor biology, care, and legal frameworks 3. Find a Sponsor: Required for apprenticeships 4. Pass the Exam: Written test on falconry practices and laws 5. Build Facilities: Mews and weathering areas must meet standards 6. Undergo Inspection: Wildlife officers verify housing and equipment 7. Submit Application: Include sponsor details, facility photos, and exam results 8. Begin Apprenticeship: Minimum two years under supervision 9. Maintain Records: Log bird health, hunting, and transfers --- Common Misconceptions • You can’t just buy a falcon and start hunting — it’s illegal without a license • Wild take is not allowed in most countries — captive breeding is the norm • Falconry is not just a hobby — it’s a lifestyle requiring daily commitment • Not all birds of prey are suitable — only certain species are approved --- Final Thoughts Falconry is one of the most demanding and rewarding forms of hunting. But it’s also one of the most regulated. A falconry license isn’t just a piece of paper — it’s a commitment to tradition, conservation, and the ethical treatment of some of nature’s most majestic predators. If you’re serious about becoming a falconer, start by learning the laws in your region, finding a mentor, and preparing for a journey that blends ancient heritage with modern responsibility.