Hunting in Eastern Ghana: Learning About Hunting Seasons, Specifics, and Discovering Interesting Facts

The Eastern Region of Ghana, known for its scenic landscapes, rich culture, and fertile lands, is a place where traditional livelihoods like farming and hunting continue to thrive alongside modern development. With a population spread across hills, forests, and farmlands, hunting remains an important activity in many rural communities—providing food, supporting small-scale trade, and preserving ancestral customs. In Eastern Ghana, hunting reflects a balance of heritage, survival, and ecological adaptation. Geography and Natural Features of Eastern Ghana for Hunting Eastern Ghana is geographically diverse, featuring forests, river basins, mountains, and savanna zones. Key ecological zones include the Atewa Range Forest Reserve, parts of the Volta River Basin, and the Kwahu Plateau. These habitats are home to numerous species of wildlife, especially in the forested areas near Kibi, Begoro, and Ofoase. Seasonal rivers and water bodies attract both aquatic and land animals, making them favorable for subsistence and small-game hunting. Specificities of Hunting in Eastern Ghana Hunting in the Eastern Region is mainly subsistence-oriented, although in some areas, it also supports local bushmeat markets. Traditional methods such as traps, snares, and hunting with trained dogs are widespread, while the use of locally made or licensed firearms is growing. Hunting is often done at night or in the early hours of the morning and is influenced by the farming calendar—many hunt more actively during the dry season or post-harvest period when food needs increase. Hunters and Demographics in Eastern Ghana Hunters in Eastern Ghana are usually adult men from rural or forest-edge communities, with younger boys learning through hands-on experience passed down by elders. Women are rarely involved in the hunting itself but play essential roles in processing, preserving, and selling bushmeat, particularly in local markets. Though formal hunting groups are rare, informal cooperation exists, particularly during community events or when responding to crop damage caused by animals. Types of Game and Hunting in Eastern Ghana Medium game: Grasscutters (cane rats), bushbuck, and Maxwell’s duikers are popular targets. Small game: Monitor lizards, porcupines, squirrels, pigeons, and guinea fowl are widely hunted. Aquatic species: Frogs, freshwater turtles, and catfish are often caught in rivers, especially near Afram Plains and Lower Volta tributaries. Protected species: Pangolins, primates, and rare antelopes are protected under Ghanaian law but may be threatened by illegal hunting practices. Hunting Seasons in Eastern Ghana The Eastern Region adheres to the national hunting calendar set by Ghana’s Wildlife Division: Open season: From 1st August to 31st December, non-protected species may be legally hunted. Closed season: From 1st January to 31st July, hunting is prohibited to allow wildlife to breed and replenish. Some communities also observe local taboos or sacred days, where entering forests or hunting is discouraged, helping to maintain traditional conservation systems. Hunting Structures and Local Organization in Eastern Ghana Traditional authorities—chiefs, elders, and spiritual leaders—play key roles in regulating access to forests and hunting grounds. In forest-edge communities like those near Atewa or Afram Plains, elders may set aside no-hunting zones or mediate disputes. The Forestry Commission monitors forest reserves and issues hunting permits in line with national regulations. NGOs and local groups also support education campaigns to promote sustainable hunting and biodiversity protection. Hunting Legislation in Eastern Ghana Ghana’s Wildlife Conservation Regulations (LI 685) outline rules on hunting, including banned species, licensing requirements, and restrictions on hunting techniques. Illegal practices such as poisoning, unregistered firearms, or setting fires are prohibited. The Eastern Region’s proximity to protected forests like Atewa has led to more active enforcement in certain zones, though enforcement remains a challenge in remote or low-resource areas. Hunting Traditions in Eastern Ghana Hunting has long been a respected part of cultural life in Eastern Ghana. It is often featured in folktales, songs, and proverbs, and among some Akan subgroups, it is linked to rites of passage and festivals. For instance, during events like the Ohum Festival or Akwasidae, symbolic hunts or displays of animal skins may be part of the ceremony. Some forest areas are considered sacred groves, and hunting there is strictly taboo—offering a form of traditional ecological protection. Interesting Facts about Hunting in Eastern Ghana Grasscutters are the most commonly hunted species and are also domesticated in parts of Eastern Ghana. Some hunters use herbal camouflage and mimic animal calls to attract game. Sacred groves near Aburi, Kibi, and Kwahu are preserved through oral traditions and religious beliefs. Awareness of conservation and health risks related to bushmeat is increasing due to community sensitization efforts. Youth involvement in hunting is decreasing in some areas, with more interest in agriculture, trading, and schooling. In Eastern Ghana, hunting continues to embody the intersection of culture, livelihood, and ecological knowledge. As the region grows and modernizes, efforts to harmonize traditional practices with legal and conservation frameworks will be key. With proper guidance, community involvement, and education, Eastern Ghana can preserve its wildlife and cultural heritage while promoting sustainable rural development.