Hunting Seasons in NOVA SCOTIA: Key Dates, Required Licenses and Essential Rules

Nova Scotia offers diverse hunting opportunities across its forests, wetlands, and coastal regions. To ensure sustainable wildlife management, the province enforces strict hunting seasons, licensing requirements, and regulations. This guide covers everything hunters need to know — season dates, regional variations, restrictions, and optimal hunting periods. General Rules and Hunting Periods in Nova Scotia Hunting seasons in Nova Scotia are set by the Department of Natural Resources and Renewables (DNRR) and vary by game species. Key seasons include whitetail deer from October to December depending on the zone, lottery-based moose hunts typically held in September and October, black bear hunting during two main windows—spring (April–June) and fall (August–November), waterfowl including ducks and geese from September to December, upland birds like grouse and woodcock through the end of December, and small game such as snowshoe hare and coyote available from October to March. These seasons are determined based on climate conditions, animal breeding cycles, migration patterns, and overall population health. Regional differences also influence timing—zones like Mainland and Cape Breton may have adjusted dates due to local wildlife density. Compared to neighboring provinces, Nova Scotia’s seasons often start earlier than New Brunswick’s but later than Newfoundland’s, reflecting milder winters and unique ecological factors. Recent regulatory changes reflect ongoing wildlife management efforts. Bear seasons have been extended due to population growth, while stricter moose quotas were introduced to prevent overharvesting. Waterfowl rules have also been updated to align with federal migratory bird treaties. Seasonal Variations and Optimal Hunting Periods in Nova Scotia Big game seasons include whitetail deer, with archery starting in early October and firearms season running from late October to early December depending on the Wildlife Management Zone (WMZ). Moose hunting is limited to a draw system, with a typical three-week season in September or October. Black bears can be hunted in spring using baiting methods and in fall with spot-and-stalk techniques. Waterfowl hunting follows federal guidelines, generally spanning mid-September to December. Ruffed grouse and woodcock seasons run from mid-September to December 31. Small game includes snowshoe hares (October–March) and coyotes, which can be hunted year-round. The best hunting periods align with animal behavior. Deer activity peaks during rutting season in late October and November. Bears are most active post-hibernation in spring and pre-denning in fall. Waterfowl reach peak movement during late October and November migrations. Nova Scotia hosts several notable hunting events throughout the year. The Nova Scotia Hunting & Fishing Show in Halifax each March brings together outdoor enthusiasts for expert seminars, gear demos, and exclusive tag lotteries. In Cape Breton, guided bear hunts in May and September offer an unforgettable wilderness experience combining modern tracking techniques with traditional Mi'kmaq knowledge during prime feeding seasons. Regulations and Restrictions in Nova Scotia To protect vulnerable species, Nova Scotia enforces strong restrictions. Endangered animals like lynx and bald eagles are fully protected. Some zones limit antlerless deer harvest to preserve populations. Certain species and times are strictly off-limits—there is no established turkey season, and hunting is prohibited during deer fawning (June–July) and waterfowl molting periods (July–August). Obtaining Hunting Permits and Licenses in Nova Scotia Obtaining a license requires a Nova Scotia Wildlife Resources Card , which is mandatory for all hunters. Species-specific licenses apply for deer, bear, and moose (draw-based). Waterfowl hunters must also hold a Federal Migratory Game Bird Permit . First-time hunters must complete the Nova Scotia Hunter Education Course , and non-residents require a valid Firearms Safety Course certificate (PAL). Penalties and Legal Consequences Violating Nova Scotia's hunting laws carries serious consequences. Hunting out of season may result in fines over $2,000 CAD and license suspension. Unlicensed hunting can lead to criminal charges under the Wildlife Act , while illegal baiting practices incur fines up to $1,000. Practical Hunting Recommendations For successful hunting trips, timing and preparation matter. Spring bear and coyote hunts benefit from light camouflage, bait stations where legal, and predator calls. Spot-and-stalk tactics near berry patches work well during this time. Fall is prime season for deer, moose, and waterfowl, calling for tree stands, waterproof waders, and effective tools like rut calls and decoy spreads for ducks. Winter small game hunts demand snow camouflage and weapons like .22 LR rifles or shotguns, with still-hunting proving effective in thickets. Nova Scotia’s hunting seasons are carefully structured to support sustainability. Hunters should always verify current dates and rules annually, respect quotas, follow ethical practices, and engage with local hunting clubs for updates and guidance.